MODEL OF COMPETITIVE MANAGEMENT OF REGIONAL BUILDING PROJECTS

2016. Т. 16, No 2. С. 131–136 13


Introduction
Competitive management of projects is understood as the purposeful process beginning with the organisation and carrying out of competition in which result projects-applicants are ordered on the basis of certain criteria, then the winner (or winners) the applicant who has won first place (or, accordingly, some first places -depending on competition conditions), and proceeding appears up to project end. Thus, we recognise that competitive management it is not limited actually to competition, and extends on all life cycle of the project, since the first reference of the applicant in the administrative body responsible for the decision of building problems in given region, and finishing full realisation of the project.
Owing to an openness process of competitive management by building projects is always unique. An element of expert estimations and intuition here play an essential role. However however the experts who are carrying out this process were not talented, use of special technologies of the organisation and competitive management of design cycles is necessary. As a methodological basis of management of building projects we will be guided by the system model offered in [1,2]. According to this model we will consider building projects of the given type as complete symbolical systems, and management of them to represent a structural composition of four components: the subject of management; object of management; a project environment, algorithm of management of the project and criteria of quality of the project.

The subject of management. As object of management. Project environment
The subject of management are the active participants of the project co-operating at development and acceptance of administrative decisions in the course of its realisation. In our case them can be: a state structure which is carrying out formation of the program of development of region and organising competitions of projects; the investor; the customer; the general contractor, executors, co-authors, a command of management of the project (the project head, its assistants, managers of the project, etc.).
As object of management in our case actually building project at all stages and stages of a design cycle acts, since the moment of the first reference of the applicant of the project (local governments, the enterprise, the organisation, the private person) in a state structure and finishing its full realisation. This article describes the verbal model underlying the development of a software decision support competitive regional management of construction projects. Competitive management of projects is understood as the purposeful process beginning with the organisation and carrying out of competition in which result projects-applicants are ordered on the basis of certain criteria, then the winner (or winners) the applicant who has won first place (or, accordingly, some first places -depending on competition conditions), and proceeding appears up to project end.
Building projects are considered as complete symbolical systems, and management of them to represent a structural composition of four components: the subject of management, object of management; a project environment; algorithm of management of the project and criteria of quality of the project.
Based on the analysis and synthesis of project management experience in construction in this article was developed verbal model of competitive regional management of construction projects. The proposed model revealed and clarified the existing ideas about the structure of the organization and mechanisms for the implementation of regional projects and due to the evaluation criteria allowed more adequately articulate the problems solved in the stages of this type of competitive project management.
Project environment we will name the environment generating set of external and internal forces which promote or disturb to achievement of the purposes of the project. This dynamic environment renders certain influences (economic, social, legal, financial, organizational, information, etc.) on project components. Each of such influences can appear critical for the project and lead to its destruction. Therefore factors of an environment of the project should be analysed about their relevance and those from them which can make appreciable impact on designing process are allocated. It is possible to present typical factors of an environment of building projects in the form of a following three-layer train [3]:

Algorithm of competitive management of building projects
Principles are put in a basis of its working out staging, recurrence and iterative [6,7]. Staging assumes that process of competitive management is realised not one act, and divided into a number of consecutive stages so that they covered all life cycle of the project. Recurrence assumes the organisation of managerial process in the form of set of the typical operations which performance yields the certain finished result allowing the competitive commission to accept intermediate or the final decision. Iterative provides numerous repetition of typical operations of management with gradual approach to some optimum (if it is possible and achievable) or to the compromise (to resolution of problems on the basis of reciprocal concessions).
The algorithm of competitive management developed on the basis of these principles is presented by regional building projects on

Criteria of quality of management of the project.
The analysis and generalisation of experience management of projects in building and [2,4] and mechanisms of functioning of organizational systems [5] shows expediency of an estimation of regional building projects by the criteria presented to Table 1. Table 1 Criteria of quality of regional building projects   Target efficiency of the project proves to be true, first of all, its conformity to priority programs of social and economic development of region where its realisation is supposed. Then degree of influence of the project on a historical infrastructure of territory (area), its direct positive influence of the project on social inquiries of the population (level of the social importance of the project) and possibility of the adverse ecological and technogenic consequences connected with realisation of the project is estimated. Further the project estimation on conformity to building norms and rules and as quality of used building technologies and degree of influence of the project on development of a municipal infrastructure of area is estimated is carried out. The estimation of target efficiency of the project comes to the end with the analysis of influence of the given project on realisation of adjacent projects.

TARGET EFFICIENCY OF THE PROJECT
Technical validity of the project assumes its estimation on following positions: degrees of a readiness of the design documentation (full, partial); to quality of the feasibility report on the project; to quality (validity level) project concepts; to level of a readiness of technologies offered to use; to quality (validity level) expected building effect; possibilities of reception of additional effects from project realisation.
Economic validity of the project is estimated from the point of view of quality financial and an economic justification of its positions. Should be considered, whether can for the given project to be used joint financing from other sources, and whether adequately own estimation of the applicant reflects project economic benefit. By results of an estimation should be defined, whether needs and whether the project for attraction joint financing from other sources, such as approaches: the federal budget -that is, whether can be considered the project as having federal or inter-regional value; investors -for the projects assuming reception of profit and having considerable building effect; commercial banksfor highly profitable projects (irrespective of size of building effect). In a case if in the course of an estimation comes to light that some project applies for high enough profitability, the question is discussed with the applicant, whether support is necessary from the regional budget or financial support can be received from commercial structures. If support of the regional budget is necessary, administration of region and the applicant should choose one of financing forms, for example, granting of a loan or free aid rendering.
The practical realizability of the project is estimated from following positions: realness of the given budget for project realisation; realness of the schedule of realisation of the project; realness of prospective volumes of purchases of technics, the equipment, materials; a professional standard of the project head and its command; level of the social importance of the project (interest of the population in project realisation); realness of creation of cooperation of executors of the project and controllability the project.