THE TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF CALORIFIC CAPACITY AND THERMODYNAMIC FUNCTION CHANGES FOR THE COMPOSITION OF LEAD-ANTIMONY-3 ALLOY AND CALCIUM
Abstract
This article deals with lead-antimony alloys that are characterized by simple eutectic and low mutual solubility of their components (up to 3.5% of the Sb mass) and have high mechanical integrity and casting properties. These alloys are widely used in the battery production industry for accumulator grids manufacturing and, in some cases, for the molding of anodes for the electrolysis of sulfuric acid solutions of zinc, cadmium, and manganese.
The lead-antimony-3 alloy has high mechanic integrity, good casting properties and it is used in printing, bearing production, and for different metal brazing. Alloys like lead-antimony-3 are used in the cable industry as means of rust-protection for underground and underwater data and power cables.
Calorific capacity is a key property of substances, and its temperature-based changes can be used to determine the phase change type, Debye temperature, vacancy formation energy, electronic heat capacity factor, and other properties. This work presents the results of the experimental calorific capacity determination for the composition of lead-antimony alloys and calcium, and the calculation of temperature dependency of the changes of thermodynamic functions of alloys. The study of temperature dependency of lead-antimony and calcium composition calorific capacity was carried out in the “cooling” mode using computer hardware and Sigma Plot software. The polynomes were identified for the temperature dependency of calorific capacity and the changes of thermodynamic functions (enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs energy) for the composition of lead-antimony alloy and calcium against the reference (Cu) that describe the changes using the correlation rate of Rcorr = 0.999. It was established that as the content of calcium in the composition increases, the calorific capacity decreases as compared to the initial alloy, yet it grows along with the temperature. The enthalpy and entropy of the lead-antimony-3 alloys and calcium compositions grow along with the temperature, while the Gibbs energy value decreases.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDF (Русский)References
Belorussov N.I., Sahakyan L.E., Yakovlev A.I. Elektricheskiye kabeli, provoda i shnury. Spravochnik [Directory. Electrical Cables, Wires and Cords]. Moscow, Energy Publ., 1979. pp. 20–21.
Nikolskiy K.K. Zashchita ot korrozii metallicheskikh kabeley [Corrosion Protection of Metal Cables]. Moscow, Communication Publ., 1970. 170 p.
Dunaev Y.D. Nerastvorimyye anody na osnove svintsa [Insoluble Lead-Based Anodes]. Alma-Ata, Nauka Kaz. SSR Publ., 1978. 316 p.
Mulloeva N.M., Ganiev I.N., Makhmadulloev Kh.A. Fizikokhimiya splavov svintsa s shchelochnozemel’nymi metallami: monogr. [Physic Chemistry of Lead Alloys with Alkaline Earth Metals. Monograph]. Germany, LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing, 2013. 152 p.
Azimov Kh.H., Ganiev I.N., Amonov I.T., Ibrohimov N.F. Effect Produced by Lithium on the Heat Capacity and the Changing Thermodynamic Functions of the AZh2.18 Aluminium Alloy. Vestnik of Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University, 2018, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 37–44. (in Russ.)
Ibrohimov N.F. Ganiev I.N., Ganieva N.I. [The Influence of Yttrium on the Thermo Physical Properties of the AMg2]. Scientific Bulletin of NSTU, 2017, no. 2 (67). pp. 177–187. (in Russ.)
Zokirov F.Sh. Ganiev I.N., Berdiev A.E., Ibrohimov N.F. [Temperature Dependence of the Heat Capacity and Thermodynamic Functions of the AK12M2 Alloy Modified by Strontium]. Izvestiya SPbGTI (TU), 2017, no. 41 (67), pp. 22–26. (in Russ.)
Ganiev I.N. Niyozov H.H., Gulov B.N., Nizomov Z., Berdiev A.E. [Temperature Dependence of the Heat Capacity and Thermodynamic Functions of the AK1M2 Alloy Doped with Praseodymium and Neodymium]. Bulletin of SibGIU, 2017, no. 3 (21), pp. 32–39. (in Russ.)
Mulloeva N.M. Ganiev I.N., Eshov B.B., Aminbekova M.S. [Temperature Dependence of Heat Capacity and Change in Thermodynamic Functions of Alloys of the Pb-Ba System]. Bulletin SPBGUTD, 2018, no. 2, pp. 69–75. (in Russ.)
Ibrohimov N.F. Ganiev I.N., Nizomov Z., Ganieva N.I., Ibrohimov S.ZH. [The Effect of Cerium on the Thermo Physical Properties of the AMg2 Alloy]. Physics of Metals and Metallography, 2016, vol. 117, no. 1, p. 53. (in Russ.) DOI: 10.1134/s0031918x16010063
Gulov S.S., Ganiev I.N., Safarov MM, Ganieva N.I. [Effect of Germanium and Tin Additives on the Thermal Conductivity of the Alloy AK7M2 Depending on Temperature]. Reports of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016, vol. 59, no. 3–4. pp. 142–145. (in Tajik.)
Ibrohimov S.Zh., Eshov B.B., Kobuliev Z.V., Ganiev I.N. [The Influence of Lanthanum, Praseodymium and Neodymium on the Thermo Physical Properties of AMg4]. Bulletin of TTU, 2016, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 33–36. (in Tajik.)
Ganiev I.N., Mulloeva N.M., Nizomov Z., Makhmadulloev Kh.A. [Thermophysical properties and thermodynamic functions of alloys of the Pb-Sr system] // Proceedings of the Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2014. vol. 16. no. 6. pp. 38–42. (in Russ.)
Ganiev I.N., Aliyev D.N., Ibrohimov N.F., Alikhanova S.D., Odinayev N.B. [Temperature Dependence of the Thermodynamic Functions of the Zn5Al and Zn55Al Alloys]. Reports of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2014, vol. 57, no. 7, pp. 588–593. (in Tajik.)
Zokirov F.Sh., Ganiev I.N., Ibrahimov N.F., Berdiev A.E. [Temperature Dependence of Heat Capacity and Heat Transfer Coefficient of Alloy AK12M2]. Bulletin TUT, 2014, no. 1 (22), pp. 22–24. (in Tajik.)
Nizomov Z., Gulov B., Ganiev I.N., Saidov R.Kh., Berdiev A.E. [Temperature Dependence of the Heat Capacity of the Alloy AK1M2 Doped with Rare-Earth Metals]. Reports of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2011, vol. 54, no. 11, pp. 917–921. (in Tajik.)
Zinoviev V.E. Teplofizicheskiye svoystva metallov pri vysokikh temperaturakh [Thermophysical Properties of Metals at High Temperatures]. Moscow, Metallurgy Publ., 1989. 384 p.
Ravdel A.A. Kratkiy spravochnik fiziko-khimicheskikh velichin [Brief Reference Physico-Chemical Variables]. Moscow, TID “ARIS”, 2010. 240 p.
Umarov M.A., Ganiev I.N. [Temperature Dependence of Heat Capacity and Change in Thermodynamic Functions of C2 Lead]. Proceedings of the Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2018, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 23–29. (in Russ.)
Vakhabov A.V., Ganiev I.N. [Strontium is an Effective Modifier of Silumin]. Foundry Production, 2000, no. 5, pp. 28–29. (in Russ.)
Kargapolova T.B., Mahmadulloev H.A., Ganiev I.N., Khakdodov M.M. [Barium – New Modifier of Silumin]. Foundry Production, 2001, no. 10, pp. 9–10.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/met190304
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
