ON THE ISSUE OF THE HISTORY OF THE FORMATION OF THE ARCHITECTURAL AND URBAN PLANNING STRUCTURE OF OZERSK AND SNEZHINSK

Abstract

The article discusses the formation of the architectural and urban planning structure, the main trends in the primary planning structure of the closed cities of Ozersk and Snezhinsk, which dates back to the period of their initial construction (the post-war period of the 1940–1950s), before the advent of industrial housing construction. Urban planning and architectural ensembles are considered, as well as city buildings of architectural value, and mass residential development of the cities of the period under study in the style forms of Soviet neoclassicism. The research is carried out with the aim of studying the architectural and urban planning heritage of the post-war period in the closed cities in order to determine its value characteristics in the unified context of the post-war architecture, through identifying the main trends that formed the basis for the construction of the closed cities of Ozersk and Snezhinsk, and their architectural and planning solutions.

The subject of the review are the closed cities of the USSR atomic project: Ozersk (Chelyabinsk-65) and Snezhinsk (Chelyabinsk-70), which are located in the Chelyabinsk Region, and the construction of which was carried out in 1945–1955 to solve the problems that the state faced while working on the atomic project of the USSR and the creation of the atomic bomb in the Soviet Union. In 1992, the list of the closed cities (Closed Administrative Territorial Units or ZATOs) was partially declassified; their list was approved by a special law in Russia. Instead of the numerical designation, the closed cities of the Russian nuclear project received names, and some of them were open for visitors.