STUDY OF THE PHASE COMPOSITION AND ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF THE Cu–Cr–Si–Ce–La SYSTEM ALLOYS
Keywords:
Cu–Cr–Si–Ce–La system, phase equilibria, electrical conductivity of copper alloysAbstract
The phase composition and electrical conductivity of 12 as-cast samples of the Cu–Cr–Si–Ce–La system alloys were investigated. The concentration of chromium in the samples ranged from 0.5 to 1.0 wt. %; the concentration of silicon in samples was from 0.1 to 1.3 wt. %; the concentrations of rare-earth metals (cerium and lanthanum) ranged from 0.1 to 0.5 wt. %. The samples were studied by scanning electron microscopy and micro-X-ray spectral analysis, as well as by X-ray phase analysis. It is established that in the experimental samples in equilibrium with a solid solution based on copper, depending on the concentration of the alloying elements, intermetallides Cu6Ce and Cu6La, inclusions of metallic chromium, chromium silicides Cr3Si and Cr5Si3, and also silicide of lanthanum and cerium (La,Ce)Si2 were formed. In the course of the work, the Vickers microhardness was measured on the thin sections of the samples under study. The dependence of the values of the microhardness HV on the composition of the experimental samples was established. With increasing silicon concentration for fixed values of chromium, cerium and lanthanum, the microhardness values were increased. Also in the course of this study, the electric conductivity of the experimental samples was determined by a non-contact method in a rotating magnetic field at a temperature of 20 °C. The dependence of the electrical conductivity of the samples on the concentrations of alloying elements was determined. The data obtained in the course of this work may be of interest to engineers in the analysis of the use of rare earth metal additives in bronzes.References
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Watanabe Ch., Monzen R., Tazaki K. Mechanical Properties of Cu–Cr System Alloys with and Without Zr and Ag. Journal of Materials Science, 2008, vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 813–819. DOI: 10.1007/s10853-007-2159-8
Chakrabarti D.J., Laughlin D.E. The Cr–Cu (Chromium–Copper) System. Bulletin of Alloy Phase Diagrams, 1984, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 59–68.
Yu Y., Wang C., Liu X., Kainuma R., Ishida K. Thermodynamics and Kinetics in Liquid Immiscible Cu–Cr–Si Ternary System. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2011, vol. 127, pp. 28–39. DOI: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2010.11.033
Savitskiy E.M., Efimov Yu.V., Frolova T.M. Effect of Copper on the Structure and Superconducting Properties of Transition Metal Silicides. Bulletin of USSR Academy of Science. Inorganic Materials, 1979, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 654–657. (in Russ.)
Xiao P., Derby B. The Wetting of Silicon Nitride by Chromium-containing Alloys. Journal of Materials Science, 1995, vol. 30, no. 23, pp. 5915–5922. DOI: 10.1007/BF01151505
Roy I.A., Fedyakina N.N., Revina N.I., Nikolaev A.K. [Investigation of the Phase Diagram of Cu–Cr–Si Alloys Rich in Copper]. Constructional and Precision Alloys of Non-Ferrous Metals: Thematic Collection of Scientific Works. Moscow, Metallurgy Publ., 1987. P. 28–33. (in Russ.)
Samoilova O.V., Trofimov E.A., Mikhailov G.G., Zaiceva O.V. Phase Equilibria Realized in the Copper-Rich Corner of the Phase Diagram of the System Cu–Cr–Si. Melts, 2015, no. 2, pp. 7–15. (in Russ.)
Korolkov A.M., Bezus E.V., Gurova L.M. Low-Alloy, High-Temperature Copper Alloys with High Electrical Conductivity. Bulletin of USSR Academy of Science. Metals, 1967, no. 1, pp. 150–155. (in Russ.)
Vorontsova L.A., Seleznev L.P. Influence of REM on the Properties of Conductor Copper. Metal Science and Heat Treatment, 1977, no. 3, pp. 41–44. (in Russ.)
Zhang Z., Lin G., Zhang Sh., Zhou J. Effects of Ce on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Pure Copper. Materials Science and Engineering A, 2007, vol. 457, no. 1-2, pp. 313–318. DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2006.12.056
Li H., Zhang Sh., Chen Y., Cheng M., Song H., Liu J. Effects of Small Amount Addition of Rare Earth Ce on Microstructure and Properties of Cast Pure Copper. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 2015, vol. 24, no. 8, pp. 2857–2865. DOI: 10.1007/s11665-015-1595-x
Zhou H., Tang Ch., Tong M., Gu Z., Yao Q., Rao G. Experimental Investigation of the Ce–Cu Phase Diagram. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2012, vol. 511, no. 1, pp. 262–267. DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2011.09.054
Duysemaliev U.K., Presnyakov A.A. The Solubility of Cerium in Copper and the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Copper–Cerium Alloys. Bulletin of USSR Academy of Science. Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 1964, vol. 9, no. 9, pp. 2258–2259. (in Russ.)
Okamoto H. Cu–La (Copper–Lanthanum). Journal of Phase Equilibria, 2001, vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 594–595. DOI: 10.1361/105497101770332875
Chan W., Gao M.C., Doğan Ö.N., King P., Rollett A.D. Thermodynamic Assessment of Cr–Rare Earth Systems. Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion, 2009, vol. 30, no. 6, pp. 578–586. DOI: 10.1007/s11669-009-9581-3
Brodova I.G., Popel’ P.S., Barbin N.M., Vatolin N.A. Isxodnye rasplavy kak osnova formirovaniya struktury i svoystv alyuminievykh splavov [Initial Melts as a Basis for Forming the Structure and Properties of Aluminum Alloys]. Ekaterinburg, UrO RAN Publ., 2005. 369 p.
Shin D., Saal J.E., Liu Z.–K. Thermodynamic Modeling of the Cu–Si System. CALPHAD, 2008, vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 520–526. DOI: 10.1016/j.calphad.2008.05.003
Sufryd K., Ponweiser N., Riani P., Richter K.W., Cacciamani G. Experimental Investigation of the Cu–Si Phase Diagram at x(Cu)>0.72. Intermetallics, 2011, vol. 19, no. 10, pp. 1479–1488. DOI: 10.1016/j.intermet.2011.05.017
Munitz A., Gokhale A.B., Abbaschian G.J. The Ce–Si (Cerium–Silicon) System. Bulletin of Alloy Phase Diagrams, 1989, vol. 10, pp. 73–78.
Bulanova M.V., Zheltov P.N., Meleshevich K.A., Saltykov P.A., Effenberg G., Tedenac J.-C. Lanthanum–Silicon System. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2001, vol. 329, no. 1-2, pp. 214–223. DOI: 10.1016/S0925-8388(01)01686-3
Bulanova M.V., Zheltov P.N., Meleshevich K.A. Lanthanum–Cerium–Silicon System. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2002, vol. 347, no. 1-2, pp. 149–155. DOI: 10.1016/S0925-8388(02)00772-7
