ИСПЫТАНИЯ В ЦЕНТРИФУГЕ ТРУБ БОЛЬШОГО ДИАМЕТРА ПОД ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЕМ ТЯЖЕЛЫХ ГРУЗОВ
Аннотация
Трубы большого диаметра, так же как автомобили большой грузоподъемности, получают все более широкое распространение, что вызывает неопределенность в отношении проектирования трубы. В данной статье описаны процедура и результаты серии геотехнических испытаний в центрифуге, которые проводились на железобетонной трубе диаметром 140 мм на фундаменте под воздействием тяжелого транспорта. Изучены влияние глубины грунта, положение и нагрузка транспортного средства на изгибающий момент трубы. В большинстве тестов был смоделирован тяжелый грузовик с максимальной погрузкой 850 кНм, а также грузовик средней грузоподъемности в 252 кНм. Результаты испытаний в центрифуге соответствуют результатам испытаний в натуральном масштабе. Наиболее сильное влияние на трубу обнаружено в положении, когда самая тяжелая ось грузовика находилась точно над сечением трубы. В более глубоких слоях грунта первоначальное давление в трубе сильнее, в то время, как меньше нагрузка от транспортного средства. Однако даже при глубине грунта в 4 мм изгибающий момент трубы значительный под воздействием тяжелого транспортного средства, что необходимо учитывать при проектировании трубы. Проведен сравнительный анализ результатов испытаний в центрифуге и некоторых широко используемых методов проектирования, получены неожиданные результаты расчетов для жестких труб большого диаметра на небольшой глубине грунта под воздействием транспортного средства большой грузоподъемности.
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