Photocatalytic activity of Granular Composite TiO2/SiO2 Oxides in Destruction Reactions of Dyes
Keywords:
titania, anatase, silica, composite photocatalysts, photocatalytic activity, photocatalytic tests, dyesAbstract
Organic pollutants in the environment undergo decomposition with the help of microorganisms: pollutants are subjected to destruction into simple substances – carbon dioxide, water, etc. Organic pollutants can be divided into natural and synthetic according to their origin. Natural pollutants are of natural origin: metabolic products of living beings, remains of plants, animals, etc. These substances are successfully decomposed by microorganisms living in the environment. Synthetic pollutants are formed as a result of various technological processes or themselves are used in industry. These are phenol and its derivatives, dyes, petrochemical products. These pollutants are synthetic in nature, so the natural microflora is not adapted to them. Decomposition of such compounds proceeds very slowly, sometimes over several decades. As a result, the accumulation of these pollutants occurs, at best, in special landfills, or simply in the environment (soil, lakes, rivers). Existing treatment methods – such as sorption, ion exchange, membrane treatment – do not decompose pollutants, only concentrate them, which leads to their global accumulation. In a number of countries, there are entire lakes and even rivers, rainbow-coloured due to accumulated organic pollution. In the present paper the photocatalytic properties of composite granular photocatalysts have been investigated, in which photocatalytically active nanoscale particles, based on anatase, are embedded in the bulk of a silica gel granule. It has been shown that composite granules successfully oxidize model organic impurities: dyes like methylene blue, methyl orange, and methyl violet.References
Herrmann J.-M. Heterogeneous Photocatalysis: Fundamentals and Applications to the Removal of Various Types of Aqueous pollutants. Catal. Today, 1999, vol. 53, pp. 115–129. DOI: 10.1016/S0920-5861(99)00107-8..
Zangeneh H., Zinatizadeh A.A.L., Habibi M., Akia M., Hasnain Isa M. Photocatalytic Oxidation of Organic Dyes and Pollutants in Wastewater Using Different Modified Titanium Dioxides: a Comparative Review. J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 2015, vol. 26, pp. 1–36. DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2014.10.043
Reddy P.A.K., Reddy P.V.L., Kwon E., Kim K.-H., Akter T., Kalagara S. Recent Advances in Photocatalytic Treatment of Pollutants in Aqueous Media. Environ. Int, 2016, vol. 91,pp. 94–103. DOI:10.1016/j.envint.2016.02.012
Kudo A., Miseki Y. Heterogeneous Photocatalyst Materials for Water Splitting. Chem. Soc. Rev., 2009, vol. 38, pp. 253–278. DOI: 10.1039/B800489G
Kho Y.K., Iwase A., Teoh W.Y., Mädler L., Kudo A., Amal R. Photocatalytic H2 Evolution Over TiO2 Nanoparticles. The Synergistic Effect of Anatase and Rutile. J. Phys. Chem., 2010, vol.114, pp. 2821–2829. DOI: 10.1021/jp910810r
Habisreutinger S.N., Schmidt-Mende L., Stolarczyk J.K. Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 on TiO2 and Other Semiconductors. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2013, vol. 52, pp. 7372–7408. DOI: 10.1002/anie.201207199.
Mori K., Yamashita H., Anpo M. Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 with H2O on Various Titanium Oxide Photocatalysts. RSC Adv. 2012, vol. 2, p. 3165. DOI: 10.1039/c2ra01332k.
Banerjee S., Dionysiou D.D., Pillai S.C. Self-cleaning Applications of TiO2 by Photoinduced Hydrophilicity and Photocatalysis. Appl. Catal. B Environ., 2015, vol. 176, pp. 396–428. DOI: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2015.03.058.
Seabra M.P., Pires R.R., Labrincha J.A., Ceramic Tiles for Photodegradation of Orange II Solutions. Chem. Eng. J., 2011, vol. 171, pp. 692–702. DOI: 10.1016/j. cej.2011.04.028
Gurbuz M., Atay B., Dogan A. Synthesis of High-Temperature-Stable TiO2 and its Application on Ag+-activated Ceramic Tile. Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol., 2015, vol. 12, pp. 426–436. DOI: 10.1111/ijac.12165
Sreeja S., Shetty K V. Photocatalytic Water Disinfection Under Solar Irradiation by Ag@TiO Core-shell Structured Nanoparticles. Sol. Energy, 2017, vol. 157, pp. 236–243. DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2017.07.057.
Wang G., Feng H., Jin W., Gao A., Peng X., Li W., Wu H., Li Z., Chu P.K., Long-term Antibacterial Characteristics and Cytocompatibility of Titania Nanotubes Loaded with Au Nanoparticles without Photocatalytic Effects, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2017, vol. 414, pp. 230–237. DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.04.053
Guo L., Shan C., Liang J., Ni J., Tong M., Bactericidal Mechanisms of Au@TNBs Under Visible Light Irradiation. Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces, 2015, vol. 128, pp. 211–218. DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.01.013
Zhang J., Suo X., Zhang J., Han B., Li P., Xue Y., Shi H., One-pot Synthesis of Au/TiO2 Heteronanostructure Composites with SPR Effect and its Antibacteria Activity, Mater. Lett., 2016, vol. 162, pp. 235–237. DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2015.09.136.
Wang G., Feng H., Gao A., Hao Q., Jin W., Peng X., Li W., Wu G., Chu P.K., Extracellular electron transfer from aerobic bacteria to Au loaded TiO2 semiconductor without light: a new bacteria killing mechanism other than localized surface plasmon resonance or microbial fuel cells, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2016, vol. 8, pp. 24509–24516. DOI: 10.1021/acsami. 6b10052.
Li J., Qiao H., Du. Y., Chen C., Li X., Cui J., Kumar D., Wei Q. Electrospinning Synthesis of SiO2–TiO2 Hybrid Nanofibers With arge Surface Area and Excellent Photocatalytic Activity. Sci. World J., 2012, pp. 1–7.
Parale V.G., Kim T., Lee K.Y., Phadtare V.D., Dhavale R.P., Park H.H. Hydrophobic TiO2–SiO2 Composite Aerogels Synthesized Via in Situ Epoxy-ring Opening Polymerization and Sol-gel Process for Enhanced Degradation Activity. Ceramics International, 2020. vol. 46, № 4, pp. 4939–4946.
Hedayat B.M., Noorisepehr M., Dehghanifard E., Esrafili A., Norozi R. Evaluation of Photocatalytic Degradation of 2,4-Dinitrophenol from Synthetic Wastewater Using Fe3O4@SiO2@TiO2/rGO Magnetic Nanoparticles. J. Mol. Liq., 2018, vol. 264, pp. 571–578.
Tarigh G.D., Shemirani F., Maz'hari N.S. Fabrication of a Reusable Magnetic Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube–TiO2 Nanocomposite by Electrostatic Adsorption: Enhanced Photodegradation of Malachite Green. RSC Adv., 2015, vol. 5, pp. 35070–35079.
Krivtsov I., Ilkaeva M., Avdin V., Khainakov S., Garcia J. R., Ordóñez S., Diaz E., Faba L. A Hydrothermal Peroxo Method for Preparation of Highly Crystalline Silica-Titania Photocatalysts. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2015, vol. 444, pp. 87–96.
Galbavy E.S., Ram K., Anastasio C. 2-Nitrobenzaldehyde as a Chemical Actinometer for Solution and Ice Photochemistry. J. Photochem. Photobiol., 2010, vol. 209, pp. 186–192.
Willett K.L., Hites R.A. Chemical Actinometry: Using O-Nitrobenzaldehyde to Measure Lamp Intensity in Photochemical Experiments. Journal of Chemical Education, 2000, vol. 77, № 7, p. 900.
Guettaï N., Ait Amar H. Photocatalytic Oxidation of Methyl Orange in Presence of Titanium Dioxide in Aqueous Suspension. Part I: Parametric Study., Desalination, 2005, vol. 185, pp. 427–437.
Shan R., Lu L., Gu J., Zhang Y., Yuan H., Chen Y., Luo B. Photocatalytic Degradation of Me-thyl Orange by Ag/TiO2/biochar Composite Catalysts in Aqueous Solutions. Materials Science in Semi-conductor Processing, 2020, vol. 114, p. 105088.
Tichapondwa S.M., Newman J.P., Kubheka O. Effect of TiO2 Phase on the Photocatalytic Deg-radation of Methylene Blue Dye, Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, 2020, vol. 118, p. 102900.
