Application of Technologies the Distributed Register (Blockchain) in Energy Power Systems
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14529/power200108Keywords:
Blockchain, Smart Grid, Distributed Computing, Energy Internet, Distributed RegistryAbstract
Modern energy grids are rapidly evolving into complex cyber-physical systems. Decentralisation of energy resources, shift away from the current traditional centralised model of power supply, the widespread introduction of new information technologies requires the creation of a safe, efficient and reliable cyber infrastructure that can ensure the proper level of confidentiality and automation of the processes of buying and selling electricity.
The growing popularity of Blockchain distributed ledger technology can solve these challenges. The technology provides for distributed computing, a secure environment for interaction between network members and reliable storage of information. Blockchain ensures that each network member isa supplier of energy, rather than only a consumer, and organises a “digital” environment for this. At the same time, energy will be sold directly between the members, with no middleman, using smart meters and adaptive algorithms for reciprocal payment that interact in real time.
In 2017, Blockchain was rated by top executives as a key breakthrough digital technology for the next five years. According to the Deloitte 2019 poll, 53 % companies called Blockchain a “strategical priority” technology, a 10 % rise y.o.y.
At the same time, projects that have entered the market and received financing over the past two years are more complex and industrially spesific. Among the leading countries are USA, Germany and the UK. Half of the Blockchain projects in the electric power industry are registered in five states: USA (50 projects), Germany (22 projects), Great Britain (15 projects), Australia (13 projects) and Japan (13 projects). At the same time, Russia accounted for only 4 projects.
References
Merlinda Andonia, Valentin Robua, David Flynna, Simone Abramb, Dale Geachc, David Jenkinsd, Pe-ter McCallumd, Andrew Peacockd. Blockchain technology in the energy sector: A systematic review of chal-lenges and opportunities. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2019, 100 (5), pp. 143–174. DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2018.10.014
Ahl Amanda, Yarime Masaru, Tanaka Kenji, Sagawa Daishi. Review of blockchain-based distributed energy: Implications for institutional development. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2019, 107,
pp. 200–211. DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2019.03.002
Amin S.M., Wollenberg B.F. Toward a smart grid: power delivery for the 21st century. IEEE Power Mag, 2005, 3 (5), pp. 34–41. DOI: 10.1109/MPAE.2005.150702
Huang A., Crow M., Heydt G. et al. The future renewable electric energy delivery and management (FREEDM) system: the energy internet. Proc IEEE, 2011, 99 (1), pp. 133–148. DOI: 10.1109/JPROC.2010.2081330
Dong Z.Y., Luo F., Lai J. et al. Data-centric energy ecosystem in active distribution network. Southern Power System Technology, in press.
Nakamoto S., Bitcoin [a peer-to-peer electronic cash system]. Available at: https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf (accessed 01.12.2019).
Mengelkamp E., Notheisen B., Beer C., Dauer D., Weinhardt C. A blockchain-based smart grid: To-wards sustainable local energy markets. Comput. Sci. Res. Dev., 2018, 33, pp. 207–214.
King S., Nadal S. PCoin: peer-to-peer crypto-valuta met proof-of-stake Available at: https://peercoin.net/ assets/paper/peercoin-paper-nl.pdf (accessed 01.12. 2019).
Ethereum [Wikipedia]. Available at: https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethereum (accessed 02.12. 2019).
Ebrahim M., Khan S., Khalid U. Symmetric algorithm survey: a comparative analysis, Int J Comput Appl, 2013, 61 (20), pp. 12–19.
Korpela K., Hallikas J., Dahlberg T. Digital supply chain transformation toward Blockchain integra-tion. Proceedings of the 50th Hawaii international conference on system sciences, Hawaii, USA, 16 January 2017, 10 p. DOI: 10.24251/HICSS.2017.506
Zyskind G., Nathan O., Pentland A. Decentralizing privacy: using Blockchain to protect per-sonal
data. Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE security and privacy workshops, San Jose, USA, 21–22 May 2015,
pp. 180–184.
Ferrer E.C. The Blockchain: a new framework for robotic swarm systems, arXiv Preprint. arXiv, 2016,
pp. 12–13. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-02683-7_77
Azaria A., Ekblaw A., Vieira T. et al. MedRec: using Blockchain for medical data access and permis-sion management. Proceedings of the international conference on open and big data, Vienna, Australia, 22–24 August 2016, pp. 25–30. DOI: 10.1109/OBD.2016.11
Blockchain cons. [Bitcoin Charts]. Available at: https://blockchain.info/charts/ (accessed 05.01.2019).
Ethereum cons. [Ethereum] Available at: https://www.ethereum.org (accessed 05.01.2019).
Litecoin cons. [Litecoin open source P2P digital currency]. Available at: https://litecoin.com/ (ac-cessed: 06.01.2019).
Coinbase cons. [Coinbase open source P2P digital currency]. Available at: https://www.coinbase.com/?locale=en (accessed 07.01.2019).
Decentralised energy marketplace. Power ledger [Decentralised energy marketplace]. Available at: https://web.powerledger.io (accessed 08.01.2019).
Conjoule [our shared energy future]. Available at: http://conjoule.de/en/home (accessed: 08.01.2019).
LO3 energy [The future of energy/ LO3 energy]. Available at: https://lo3energy.com/ (accessed 08.01.2019).
The future of energy [Share and charge The future of energy]. Available at: http://shareandcharge.com/en (accessed 08.01.2019).
Блокчейн консорциум. Новые возможности для производителей и потребителей электроэнергии. Обзор мировой электроэнергетики, подготовленный PwC [Blockchain cons. New opportunities for produc-ers and consumers of electricity. PwC Global Electricity Survey]. Available at: www.pwc.com/utilities (ac-cessed: 08.01.2019).
Luo F., Dong Z.Y., Chen Y. et al. Hybrid cloud computing platform: the next generation IT backbone for smart grid. Proceedings of the IEEE PES general meeting, San Diego, USA, pp. 22–26, July 2012, 7 p. DOI: 10.1109/PESGM.2012.6345178
Luo F., Zhao J., Dong Z. Y. et al. Cloud-based information infrastructure for next generation power grid: conception, architecture, and applications. IEEE Trans Smart Grid, 2016, 7 (4), pp. 1896–1912. DOI: 10.1109/TSG.2015.2452293
Liang G., Weller S.R., Luo F. et al. Generalized FDIA-based cyber topology attack with application to
the Australian electricity market trading mechanism. IEEE Trans Smart Grid, 2017, 9 (4), pp. 3820–3829. DOI: 10.1109/TSG.2017.2677911
Liang G., Weller S.R., Luo F. et al. Distributed blockchain-based data protection framework for modern power systems against cyber attacks. IEEE Trans Smart Grid, 2018, 10 (3), pp. 3162–3173. DOI: 10.1109/TSG.2018.2819663
Liang G., Weller S., Zhao J. et al. The 2015 Ukraine blackout: implications for false data injection at-tacks. IEEE Trans Power Syst, 2016, 32 (4), pp. 3317–3318. DOI: 10.1109/TPWRS.2016.2631891
