Качество тока: аспекты оценки и нормирования
Аннотация
Проблемы качества электроэнергии касаются абсолютно всех сфер человеческой деятельности –
от экономики и науки до медицины и искусства, ведь невозможно представить жизнь современного человека без использования электрической энергии. Стандартизация, мониторинг, управление и координация качества электрической энергии крайне важны для обеспечения электромагнитной совместимости в системе электроснабжения и поэтому являются предметом постоянных, непрекращающихся исследований в большинстве стран мира. Для привлечения внимания к проблемам качества тока в различных точках системы электроснабжения проведено исследование степени искажения гармонического состава кривых тока у городских потребителей жилищно-коммунального хозяйства. В статье рассматриваются актуальные аспекты консолидации терминологии и структуры показателей качества электроэнергии. Систематизированы и представлены в виде единой блок-схемы принятые в мировой практике показатели качества электроэнергии. Детально рассмотрены принципы расчёта и оценки степени искажения формы тока и напряжения в соответствии с существующими отечественными и зарубежными нормативными документами. На основе измерений показателей качества электрической энергии, проведенных на существующих объектах городской инфраструктуры, был проведен сравнительный анализ с требованиями стандарта IEEE 519-2014. В результате анализа натурных измерений отмечено неудовлетворительное положение дел в области гармонических искажений кривых тока, выявлены наиболее вероятные причины и описаны последствия низкого качества электрической энергии.
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