SPECIFICS OF POWDERED FOOD PRODUCTS’ DRYING IN A FLUIDIZED MODE

Authors

  • Gennady V. Alekseev Saint Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics, St. Petersburg
  • Olga A. Egorova Saint Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics, St. Petersburg
  • Anna G. Leeuw Saint Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics, St. Petersburg
  • Anna A. Derkanosova Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, Voronezh

Keywords:

powder food products, types of drying processes, drying in a fluidized layer

Abstract

The main methods of drying food powders are considered. One of these, since viewed as the
most important stage in starch production, is selected and its model is considered in detail. In the
food industry various dryers are used. Construction of a dryer should first of all provide uniform
heating and drying of a product and reliable monitoring of its temperature and humidity. Dryers
should have rather high performance, but at the same time they should be cost effective with regard
to specific expenditures of heat and electric power, and should probably have smaller content
of metal. Methods of drying differ by heat input methods. Drying technique uses convective,
conductive (or contact), thermoradiation (by means of infrared rays) methods, and the method of
using high- and super-high frequency currents. The convective method of drying materials is
widely adopted. The drying agent (heated air, superheated steam or a mixture of furnace gases)
performs functions of a heat carrier and moisture absorber. Simplicity, and possibility of regulation
of material temperature are the advantages of this method. But in this method the temperature
gradient is directed to the side opposite to moisture content gradient, what slows down removing
of moisture from material. Another drawback of the convective method of drying are relatively
small values of coefficient of heat transmission from the drying agent to the surface of
material. The possibility of intensification of convective drying are caused by the increase in
heat-mass exchange between material and drying agent by means of increasing speed and temperature
of the drying agent, or by the reduction of the size of particles. In chamber, beltconveyor,
tunnel and tower drying installations process is carried out in a non-moving layer.
Tunnel drying installations are used for drying fruits. Simplicity of design and reliable operation
are characteristic of these installations. Using a mixture of furnace gases with air content may be
cost effective, but there is a danger of generation of cancerogenic substances. In this regard, in
the modern tunnel drying installations the system of drying agent treatment is changed.

Author Biographies

Gennady V. Alekseev, Saint Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics, St. Petersburg

Doctor of Sciences (Engineering), Professor of the Department of Process and Equipment in Food Production

Olga A. Egorova, Saint Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics, St. Petersburg

Master Degree student at the Department of Process and Equipment in Food Production

Anna G. Leeuw, Saint Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics, St. Petersburg

Master Degree student at the Department of Process and Equipment in Food Production

Anna A. Derkanosova, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, Voronezh

Candidate of Sciences (Engineering), Associate Professor at the Department of Service and Restaurant Business

References

Машины и аппараты пищевых производств: учебник: в 2 кн. / С.Т. Антипов, И.Т. Кретов, А.Н. Остриков и др.; под ред. акад.

РАСХН В.А. Панфилова. – М.: Высш. шк., 2001. – 1379 с.

Гинзбург, A.C. Основы теории и техники сушки пищевых продуктов / А.С. Гинзбург. – М.: Пищевая промышленность, 1973. – 527 с.

Алексеев, Г.В. Виртуальный лабораторный практикум по курсу «Механика жидкости и газа» / Г.В. Алексеев, И.И. Бриденко. – СПб., 2007.

Арет, В.А. Добавки как регуляторы консистенции молочных продуктов / В.А. Арет, П.В. Орлов, Ф.В. Пеленко // Пищевые

ингредиенты: сырье и добавки. – 2002. – № 2. – С. 78–79.

Численные методы при моделировании технологических машин и оборудования: учебное пособие / Г.В. Алексеев, Б.А. Вороненко, М.В. Гончаров, И.И. Холявин. – СПб., 2014.

Гинзбург, A.C. Массовлагообменные характеристики пищевых продуктов / А.С. Гинзбург, И.М. Савина. – М.: Легкая и пищевая промышленность, 1982. – 280 с.

Алексеев, Г.В. Возможный подход к решению тепловой задачи и повышение эффективности использования абразивного оборудования / Г.В. Алексеев, И.В. Грекова //

Машиностроитель. – 2000. – № 8. – С. 32.

Оптимизация формы режущей кромки ножей измельчительного оборудования / В.А. Арет, Е.И. Вербельз, Б.А. Вороненко, Б.К. Гусев // Вестник Красноярского государственного аграрного университета. – 2009. – № 10. – С. 21–26.

Пучков, В.Ф. Использование инноваций в пищевых производствах в условиях экономических санкций / В.Ф. Пучков, Г.В. Алексеев, А.Г. Леу // Инновационная наука: прошлое, настоящее, будущее: сборник статей Международной научно-практической конференции: в 2 ч. – 2016. – С. 56–59.

Холявин, И.И. Оценка эффективности предварительной подготовки при выработке крахмала / И.И. Холявин, И.В. Новиков, А.Г. Леу / Инновационно-технологическое развитие науки: сборник статей международной научно-практической конференции: в 3 ч. – 2017. – С. 162–166.

Fuchs, M. Encapsulation of oil in powder using spray drying and fluidised bed agglomeration / M. Fuchs et al. // Journal of Food Engineering. – 2006. – Т. 75. – №. 1. – С. 27–35.

Law, C.L. Fluidized bed dryers: Handbook of industrial drying / C.L. Law, A.S. Mujumdar. – 2006. – С. 173–201.

Chou, S.K. New hybrid drying technologies for heat sensitive foodstuffs / S.K. Chou S.K., K.J. Chua // Trends in Food Science & Technology. – 2001. – Т. 12, №. 10. – С. 359–369.

Калашников, Г.В. Гидродинамические особенности осаждения частиц процесса декантации при рекуперации вторичных вод / Г.В. Калашников, И.М. Атисков // Вестник

ВГУИТ. – 2016. – № 4. – С. 22–26. DOI: 10.20914/2310-1202-2016-4-22-26

Шишацкий, Ю.И. Научное обоснование замены макрокинетической задачи микрокинетическим уровнем решения при моделировании процесса сушки дисперсных мате-

риалов в псевдоожиженном слое / Ю.И. Шишацкий, С.В. Лавров, Е.И. Голубятников // Вестник ВГУИТ. – 2012. – № 4. – С. 59–61.

Published

2018-01-15

Issue

Section

Technological processes and equipment