Automated Small HPPs as the Backbone of Power Grids for Mountaineous Regions of Tajikistan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14529/power190311Keywords:
small hydroelectric power plants, hydraulic turbine, centrifugal pump, permanent magnet synchronous generator, self-diagnosis instrumentation, voltage balancingAbstract
The article briefly analyzes the existing small hydropower plants in the Republic of Tajikistan. Analysis reveals why such units are not suitable for stand-alone operation and what renders them less reliable. The paper proposes a simpler design for better reliability and stand-alone, low-maintenance operation. A design based on simpler and more reliable components requires less maintenance, which could be limited to regular inspections, hence no need for round-the-clock staff presence. A centrifugal pump is proposed as a turbine, as it does not require additional parameter controls, while a synchronous permanent magnet-excited unit is proposed as a generator, as it does not require a special channer to control the excitation flux. For better quality of generated electricity, the paper proposes using a semiconductor-based voltage converte that will stabilize the input voltage to a required accuracy of frequency and amplitude. Self-diagnosis instrumentation is part of the design, as it can monitor not only the input voltages, but also the condition of primary components: turbines, voltage converters, switches, and communications with the mission control center. The paper also analyzes the problems of implementing this design, which mainly pertain to balancing the input voltage given a significantly asymmetrical load; another challenge is to improve the accuracy and reliability of instrumentations implemented to monitor the health of specific small-HPP elements.
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