ТОЛЕРАНТНОСТЬ БАКТЕРИЙ PSEUDOMONAS К ДОДЕЦИЛСУЛЬФАТУ НАТРИЯ

Илья Николаевич Зубков, Сергей Михайлович Шишлянников

Аннотация


Уникальная способность бактерий Pseudomonas расти в присутствии додецилсульфата натрия (SDS) позволяет использовать их при создании промышленных биопроцессов, не предполагающих стерилизации сред. Механизмы, обеспечивающие толерантность к SDS можно условно разделить на три группы: процессы агрегации, включающие продукцию защитных экзополимеров и адгезинов, модификацию мембран и синтез ферментов, расщепляющих алкилсульфаты. Образование агрегатов регулируется с помощью различных механизмов, таких как трансдукция SiaABCD и продукция циклического монофосфата дигуанозина, который инициирует синтез компонентов матрикса (углеводов, нуклеиновых кислот и белков). Также клетки могут модифицировать жирные кислоты, входящие в состав мембранных фосфолипидов, чтобы снизить растворимость компонентов билипидного слоя в ядрах мицелл додецилсульфата. Для расщепления SDS в периплазматическом пространстве и цитозоле псевдомонадами продуцируются сульфатазы, принадлежащие трем различным группам. Наличие этих ферментов обеспечивает динамическое равновесие между диффузией SDS внутрь клетки и его разложением, что предохраняет компоненты цитозоля от действия высоких концентраций додецилсульфата. Все три группы механизмов устойчивости бактерий Pseudomonas к SDS хорошо изучены, однако усиление или подавление этой толерантности путем варьирования условий культивирования все еще является трудной задачей. На сегодняшний день известно только два способа подавления толерантности к додецилсульфату, которые не приводят к немедленной гибели клеток. К ним относятся ингибирование клеточного дыхания, которое предотвращает образование агрегатов и добавление к культурам клеток легко метаболизируемого субстрата (например, углеводов), который замедляет продукцию сульфатаз.

Ключевые слова


Pseudomonas; додецилсульфат натрия; образование агрегатов; матрикс; мембранные липиды; жирнокислотный состав; сульфатаза; трансдукция SiaABCD; циклический монофосфат дигуанозина; устойчивость к детергентам.

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Литература


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